Passively working mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve and shock wave protec

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a passively operating mechanical functional unit (1) for a shock wave protection valve, in particular for a ventilation system, a flow channel (2) with a flow area (4) through which a ventilation flow can flow in one flow direction (S) and which in one Malfunction can be blocked in a blocking direction (X) as a result of a shock wave propagating in blocking direction (X). The functional unit further comprises a leaf-like valve flap (7) which is held in an open position (O) and which, in the event of a malfunction, can be deflected into a closed position (C) by the shock wave at least in sections transversely to the flow direction (S) in the flow area (4) , in which the flow area (4) is blocked in the blocking direction (X) by the valve flap (7). The functional unit (1) is characterized in that the valve flap (7) in the open position (O) is oriented essentially in the direction of flow (S) and between a storage space ( 5) and the through-flow area (4) is arranged in such a way that in the event of a malfunction when the shock wave passes through the shock wave in the storage space (5), a pressure can be built up which presses the valve flap (7) at least in sections across the flow direction (S) and into the The flow area (4) deflects so that the valve flap (7) moves into the closed position (C). The invention also relates to a shock wave protection valve.
公开号:CH717113A1
申请号:CH00132/20
申请日:2020-02-05
公开日:2021-08-16
发明作者:Schilling Michel；Riedo Michael；Schneider Martin；Brenner Lorzenz；Stähli Patrick；Denzler David；Dr Frank Tillenkamp Prof；Dr Robert Eberlein Prof
申请人:Andair Ag；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Technical area
The invention relates to a passively operating mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve, in particular for a ventilation system, a flow channel with a flow area through which a ventilation stream can flow in one direction of flow and which can be blocked in a blocking direction in the event of a malfunction due to a shock wave propagating in the blocking direction is. The functional unit further comprises a leaf-like valve flap which is held in an open position and which, in the event of a malfunction, can be deflected by the shock wave at least in sections transversely to the direction of flow into the flow area into a closed position in which the flow area is blocked in the blocking direction by the valve flap. The invention also relates to a shock wave protection valve comprising such a functional unit as well as a ventilation system and a test system with such a shock valve. The invention also relates to a method for measuring a closing pressure and / or a flow resistance of such a shock wave protection valve and its use in a test laboratory.
State of the art
Shock wave protection valves are mainly used in areas where ventilation is required, but there is a risk that people or systems can be damaged as a result of compressed air surges. For example, shock wave protection valves are used as pressure wave protection for the inlet and outlet air openings of ventilation ducts in shelters for people or systems, containments for nuclear power plants, offshore systems or military buildings. Shock wave protection valves offer effective protection against the effects of pressure waves from e.g. nuclear or conventional detonations and prevent the pressure wave from propagating into the ventilation ducts of the ventilation system or out of the ventilation ducts.
A distinction is made between active and passive shock wave protection valves: Active shock wave protection valves require external energy and a control for the pressure-safe closure. With the help of sensors, they register the increase in pressure caused by the incoming shock wave and then trigger the closure of the valve using an actuator. Passive shock wave protection valves, on the other hand, function without external energy and control, react only to the effect of the shock wave and, due to their structural properties, prevent pressure from spreading within the pipelines and into adjacent parts of the system.
Such a passive shock wave protection valve in a supply air or exhaust air duct of a boiler in the military sector is known from US Pat. No. 3,139,108, for example. This has several elastic valve plates which are arranged between adjacent passage openings for an air flow. In the open position, the valve plates protrude obliquely outward with respect to a flow direction into the incoming or outgoing air flow. As a result of an impact from an incoming shock wave, the valve flaps are bent into a closed position on the passage openings, so that they are closed. After the shock wave has passed through, the elastic valve plates automatically return to the open position. The disadvantage here is that the valve plates have to protrude into the air flow with a considerable inclination so that there is sufficient contact surface for the shock wave. However, this is accompanied by a considerable flow resistance. In addition, the valve plates have to be bent out of the open position to a relatively large extent for closing, which means there is a risk of undesirable plastic deformation and special, cost-intensive materials are required for the valve plates. In addition, the application relates to the military sector and is therefore not easily and economically applicable in a civil sector, for example.
Presentation of the invention
[0005] The object of the invention is therefore to create a passively operating mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve and a shock wave protection valve, belonging to the technical field mentioned at the outset, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive to manufacture and structurally simple functional unit of this type for a shock wave protection valve and such a shock wave protection valve, in particular for room ventilation, which have a comparatively low flow resistance with good blocking properties. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for measuring a closing pressure and / or a flow resistance and the use of such a shock wave protection valve.
The solution to the problem is defined by the features of the independent claims. According to the invention, a passively operating mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve, in particular for a ventilation system, comprises a flow channel with a flow area through which a ventilation stream can flow in one direction of flow and which can be blocked in a blocking direction in the event of a fault due to a shock wave propagating in the blocking direction. The functional unit further comprises a leaf-like valve flap which is held in an open position and which, in the event of a malfunction, can be deflected by the shock wave at least in sections transversely to the direction of flow into the flow area into a closed position in which the flow area is blocked in the blocking direction by the valve flap. The functional unit is characterized in that the valve flap in the open position is oriented essentially in the direction of flow and is arranged between a storage space arranged in the flow channel and open against the blocking direction and the flow area in such a way that in the event of a malfunction when the shock wave passes through the shock wave in the storage space a pressure can be built up which presses the valve flap at least in sections transversely to the flow direction and deflects it into the flow area, so that the valve flap reaches the closed position.
One dimension in the direction of flow is referred to here as “length”, while two dimensions aligned perpendicular to the direction of flow and perpendicular to one another are referred to as “width” and “height”. The height denotes the dimension in that direction in which the valve flap is arranged between the storage space and the flow area.
The “flow channel” denotes a section of the functional unit which extends in the flow direction and which has openings on both sides in the longitudinal direction that extend essentially over its entire end cross section. The cross section of the flow channel can be constant or change in the direction of flow. The cross section can in principle be round or polygonal, in particular rectangular. During operation, the ventilation flow can flow against the flow channel through the openings over its entire end cross section. As a rule, the flow channel is enclosed by a delimitation wall or several delimitation walls and delimited by them perpendicular to the direction of flow.
[0009] The “through-flow area” denotes an area of the flow channel through which the ventilation stream can flow largely unhindered in the direction of flow if there is no fault. The through-flow area forms a partial area of the flow channel and has an effective cross-section which, in the direction of flow, is continuous for the ventilation flow over the entire length of the flow channel, if there is no malfunction. A malfunction occurs if, for example, as a result of a detonation or deflagration, a pressure or shock wave enters the ventilation flow, and the functional unit is designed and designed to block it. If there is no fault during operation, this is referred to as normal operation in the present case.
In the present case, “sheet-like” denotes a design of the valve flap as a plate with two main surfaces which are delimited by circumferential, relatively thin edges. The valve flap can, for example, be made of a sheet metal such as a stainless steel sheet. The valve flap can be deflected into the flow area, at least in sections, transversely to the direction of flow. For this purpose, the valve flap can be designed to be rigid and pivotable about a pivot axis, or it can be designed to be flexible and deflected at least in sections into the flow area by bending.
The “open position” refers to a position of the valve flap in which it is arranged in the normal state, in particular in normal operation. In the open position, the valve flap is oriented essentially in the direction of flow, i.e. the main surfaces of the valve flap are arranged essentially parallel to the direction of flow. In the present case, essentially parallel can include slight deviations from a parallel position, which can be up to 15 °. The effective cross section of the flow area is therefore not reduced or blocked by the valve flap or only insignificantly when it is in the open position.
The “closed position” denotes a position of the valve flap in which the flow area is essentially completely closed by the valve flap, so that the ventilation flow can no longer flow through it, at least in the blocking direction. It goes without saying that there is no hermetic seal required in the closed position. It is essential that in the closed position the flow area is blocked for the passage of a sufficiently strong pressure wave in the ventilation flow, in particular a shock wave.
The "blocking direction" denotes the direction in which the functional unit can block the passage of a shock wave. The blocking direction can be in the same direction or opposite to the direction of flow, depending on whether the functional unit is intended for use in the sense of a pressure valve or in the sense of a check valve.
According to the invention, the storage space is formed in the flow channel next to the valve flap in such a way that the valve flap is arranged between the flow area and the storage space. The storage space defines a storage volume in the flow channel and covers a partial area of the cross section of the flow channel against which the ventilation flow flows. Opposite to the blocking direction, i.e. opposite to the direction in which a shock wave to be blocked propagates, the storage space is at least partially open, so that the storage volume defined by the storage space communicates with the ventilation flow. In the blocking direction and in the direction transverse to the flow direction, the storage space is essentially closed off from the rest of the flow channel, in particular from the flow area, and thus forms a non-flowable bag area in the flow channel. In the width direction, the storage space can be closed off e.g. by partition walls, in particular e.g. a housing of a shock wave protection valve or separate partition walls provided for this purpose.
Due to the dynamic pressure of a flow associated with the incoming shock wave in the blocking direction, a dynamic pressure is built up in the storage space, in contrast to the continuous through-flow area. This creates a pressure difference between the storage space and the flow area, i.e. an overpressure in the storage space, which acts on the valve flap arranged in between. The valve flap is designed to be deflectable in such a way that the overpressure must exceed a certain threshold value so that the valve flap is deflected from the open position into the closed position. The threshold value for the overpressure defines a transition from normal operation to a malfunction.
Since the valve flap is arranged according to the invention between the storage space and the flow area, the overpressure built up in the storage space can act directly and over a large area on the valve flap. With a comparatively small flow cross-section of the storage space, a comparatively large force can thus be exerted on the valve flap. In this way it is achieved that with low flow resistance the valve flap is reliably deflected into the flow area in the event of a malfunction and reaches the closed position.
In addition, the pressure of the incoming shock wave in the blocking direction is converted by the storage space into a force transverse to the direction of flow on the valve flap. Thus, in contrast to known relevant devices, the valve flap does not need to have an attack surface directed towards the incoming shock wave in the open position for deflection, i.e. there is no need for an angle of incidence with respect to the direction of flow, for example. Correspondingly, the valve flap can be arranged in the open position aligned in the direction of flow. Thus, in the open position, the valve flap does not protrude into the flow area and does not impair the effective cross section of the flow area in favor of a low flow resistance. The valve flap is also held in the open position according to the invention, i.e. is fastened in such a way that the valve flap remains in the open position in the absence of external forces, so that no flow energy is or has to be taken from the ventilation flow when it flows through it to keep it open.
Overall, a structurally simple functional unit for a shock wave protection valve is thus provided which has a reliable blocking property and a comparatively low flow resistance. The functional unit according to the invention is preferably used for room ventilation. The functional unit is particularly suitable for low-pressure applications in which a ventilation flow in normal operation has a pressure, for example, in the order of magnitude of approximately 200 Pa and, in the event of a fault, a pressure in the range from approximately 300 Pa, for example. In general, the invention is particularly suitable for applications in which the pressure loss in the valve in normal operation is a maximum of 600 Pa.
Particular embodiments are described below. The features are therefore optional.
Option “resilient valve flap”: In a preferred embodiment, the valve flap can be deflected resiliently into the closed position. The valve flap is preferably resiliently deflectable in such a way that a restoring force is exerted on the valve flap which resets it from a deflected position, in particular the closed position, into the open position. In this way it can be achieved that the mechanical functional unit is automatically returned to the open position after a transition to the malfunction, as soon as the conditions for the malfunction are no longer met. The resiliently deflectable valve flap can be achieved by designing the valve flap to be resiliently flexible, for example, at least in some areas or as a whole. The valve flap can also be designed to be rigid and can be deflected via a spring-loaded hinge or joint. Of course, combinations of spring-loaded joints and spring-elastic valve flaps are also conceivable.
Alternatively, the valve flap can be designed to be plastically deformable at least in some areas, so that the valve flap is permanently deformed in the course of the deflection and remains in the closed position after a malfunction. Such functional units, however, require maintenance work or replacement of the valve flap after a malfunction.
Option “foot area in blocking direction”: The valve flap is preferably fastened with a foot area directed in blocking direction in the flow channel and extends from the foot area against the blocking direction. As soon as the valve flap is deflected at least partially into the flow area due to the overpressure in the storage space in the event of a malfunction, the valve flap has at least partially a certain angle of incidence with respect to the direction of flow and can thus be detected by a flow associated with the incoming shock wave. Due to the associated deflection of a portion of the flow on the valve flap, an additional force is generated on the valve flap, which supports or accelerates the transition to the closed position.
[0023] The “spring-elastic valve flap” option: In a preferred embodiment, the foot area of the valve flap is firmly attached in the flow channel and the valve flap is designed to be flexible at least in some areas. The deflectability of the valve flap is achieved in this case by the flexibility. This has the advantage that the deflectability of the valve flap does not require any moving parts which have to be serviced and which can lose functionality over time, e.g. due to contamination or corrosion. As mentioned, in a preferred embodiment the valve flap is designed to be resiliently flexible, so that it is automatically returned to the open position after a malfunction.
Option “articulated valve flap in the foot area”: Alternatively, and depending on the requirements, also preferred, the foot area of the valve flap can be articulated in the flow channel. In this case, the entire valve flap can be deflected around the hinge. This has the advantage that the valve flap can be made rigid and thus a robust construction is possible. Fastening via a hinge does not, however, rule out the possibility that the valve flap can also be flexible, in particular resiliently flexible. As mentioned, the valve flap is preferably attached in a resiliently articulated manner, i.e. the hinge is spring-loaded in order to automatically return the valve flap to the open position after a malfunction.
Option: "Closing edge at the free end of the valve flap": Preferably, the valve flap has a closing edge at a free end pointing opposite to the blocking direction, with which it rests against a boundary wall of the flow area in the closed position. The boundary wall, against which the valve flap rests in the closed position, is as a rule opposite the valve flap with respect to the flow area when it is in the open position. The closing edge forms a defined contact surface of the valve flap for contact with the boundary wall. The closing edge can be formed, for example, by an angled area at the free end of the valve flap, with which the valve flap rests flat against the boundary wall in the inclined closed position for better sealing. The angled area can also contribute to stiffening the free end of the valve flap.
Instead of or in addition to the closing edge on the valve flap, a seat can also be formed on the boundary wall in which the closing edge is arranged for better sealing in the closed position.
Option “valve flap resiliently biased towards the storage space”: In a preferred embodiment, the valve flap is resiliently biased in the open position towards the storage space, with at least one stop element, in particular in the storage space, being formed against which the valve flap rests in the open position. In the open position, the valve flap is thus pressed against the stop element by the resilient preload. The stop element is designed in such a way that the valve flap is aligned in the flow direction when it rests against it in the open position. The stop element prevents the valve flap from being deflected from the open position into the storage space.
The stop element can comprise a stop rib aligned in the flow direction with a stop edge on which the valve flap rests. Pin-like or block-like elements are also conceivable which prevent the valve flap from being deflected into the storage space. The stop element can, for example, be attached to a boundary wall or to a carrier to which the valve flap is attached (see below).
The resilient bias has the effect that a spring force acts on the valve flap towards the storage space. The functional unit can comprise an additional spring element or, if present, the same spring element can apply the spring load to the storage space, which enables the resilient deflection of the valve flap into the flow area. Likewise, in the case of a resiliently flexible valve flap, this itself can be designed in such a way that a spring force acts towards the storage space in the open position. For this purpose, the valve flap can, for example, be angled towards the storage space in such a way that, in the relaxed state, that is, if the stop element were not present, it is at least partially deflected into the storage space. In particular, the valve flap can be angled towards the storage space at the foot area for this purpose.
Since the valve flap is resiliently biased towards the storage space in this particular embodiment and rests against the stop element in the open position, the valve flap is not completely free and it can be prevented that the valve flap is set in undesired vibrations by the ventilation flow or during normal operation is deflected into the storage space. The spring loading can be adapted to the specific conditions of the air flow.
[0031] Option "at least two support ribs": In the course of a malfunction, e.g. with an incoming pressure or shock wave, considerable forces can act on the valve flap. The mechanical functional unit therefore preferably comprises at least two support ribs oriented in the flow direction and arranged in the flow area, each of which has at least one support edge for the valve flap and against which the valve flap can rest in the closed position. The support edges are preferably arranged next to one another at a distance from one another in the width direction and are designed in such a way that they support the valve flap in the closed position against the blocking direction. In the closed position, the valve flap preferably rests with one of its main surfaces on the support edges.
Depending on the width of the flow area, it can be advantageous to provide at least 4 or at least 8 support ribs in order to ensure sufficient support of the valve flap over the entire width. The support ribs preferably have a constant spacing in the direction of the width. More preferably, the support ribs are designed to be connected to one another in pairs via a fastening bridge, in particular with a U-shaped cross section, with which two support ribs can be mounted in the flow channel via the one fastening bridge. In addition, the support ribs connected in pairs increase the structural stability of the support ribs. Adjacent pairs of supporting ribs connected in pairs can be screwed together at the adjacent supporting ribs, e.g. with a stabilizing intermediate layer, in order to further increase the structural stability. The pairs of supporting ribs connected via the fastening bridge can be manufactured, for example, as a stamped and bent part from a sheet metal, in particular a stainless steel sheet.
It goes without saying that, particularly in the case of smaller sizes, only a single support rib or no support rib at all needs to be present or, in the case of particularly wide valve flaps, more than 8 support ribs can be advantageous.
Option "support edges of the support ribs inclined": It has been shown that the valve flap in the closed position is advantageously inclined in the blocking direction with respect to the flow direction in order to be able to absorb the forces acting due to an incoming shock wave particularly well in the event of a malfunction. The support edges of the support ribs are therefore advantageously also inclined relative to the flow direction in the blocking direction. In this way, the support edges can optimally support the valve flap deflected into the flow area in the inclined closed position. The angle of inclination of the support edges is preferably less than 45 °, preferably less than 30 °, whereby the valve flap is supported in a particularly resistant orientation in the closed position. The support edges preferably extend as far as a delimitation wall of the flow-through area which is opposite the valve flap with respect to the flow-through area when the valve flap is in the open position.
[0035] Option “steadily increasing angle of inclination of the support edge: Particularly in the case of flexible valve flaps, it is advantageous if the support edges are curved with a continuously increasing angle of inclination with respect to the direction of flow. In particular, a flexible valve flap can therefore come into contact with the support edges with an inclination increasing upstream during the transition into the closed position from the foot area to the free end. Due to the curvature, an even contact can be achieved without kinking the flexible valve flap. In particular in the case of spring-elastic valve flaps, it can thus be prevented that an elasticity range is exceeded and the valve flap is plastically deformed in the event of a malfunction.
Option “length of valve flap at least twice the height of the flow area”: An embodiment is further preferred in which the valve flap has a length in the direction of flow which is at least twice as great as the height of the flow area. The height of the flow area denotes the greatest vertical distance between the valve flap in the open position and an opposing boundary wall of the flow area. With the length of the valve flap at least twice as great as the height of the flow area, it is achieved that a relatively small deflection is required in order to completely close the flow area. In particular, if the valve flap is deflected without bending from an open position directly adjacent to the flow area, only an angle of inclination of about 30 ° with respect to the flow direction is required in order to completely close the flow area due to the double length. In addition, due to the comparatively large length of the valve flap, given the height of the flow area, an area of the valve flap on which the overpressure that can be built up in the storage space acts can be made relatively large for a large force effect.
Option "valve flap as a boundary wall of the storage space": So that the pressure that builds up in the storage space in the event of a fault acts in a simple manner and as directly as possible on the valve flap, the valve flap in a preferred embodiment, especially in the open position, forms a boundary wall of the storage space. In this case, the valve flap preferably forms a delimitation wall of the storage space facing the throughflow area and preferably at the same time a delimitation wall of the throughflow area facing the storage space. In this way, the overpressure that can be built up in the storage space can act directly on one of the main surfaces of the valve flap and thus exert a direct force which presses the valve flap into the flow area. The further boundary walls of the storage space can be formed, for example, by boundary walls of the flow channel or by separate wall elements and are preferably designed to be rigid and unchangeable. In this case, the valve flap forms a variable boundary wall of the storage space, the storage volume of which changes during the deflection of the valve flap, i.e. during the transition from the open position to the closed position.
Option “geometry of storage space and valve flap”: In order to develop the greatest possible force effect on the valve flap, according to a preferred embodiment, the storage space extends transversely to the direction of flow essentially over the entire width of the valve flap. In this way, the force resulting from the overpressure that builds up in the storage space can act over the entire width of the valve flap. For the same reasons, it is also advantageous if the storage space extends essentially over the entire length of the valve flap in the direction of flow. In this way, the force acting on the valve flap can be maximized. It goes without saying, however, that the storage space can in principle also be designed to be less wide or less long than the valve flap, for example if the pressure increase to be expected in the event of a malfunction would lead to an excessive force effect if it were to act on the entire main surface of the valve flap.
Option “valve flap over the entire width of the flow area”: In a preferred embodiment, the valve flap extends transversely to the flow direction essentially over an entire width of the flow area. In this way it can be ensured that the flow area can be completely closed by the valve flap. The valve flap and in particular also the throughflow area preferably extend over the entire width of the flow channel. In this way, the flow channel can be optimally used, which ultimately enables a compact size of the functional unit.
[0040] Option “storage space has a lower height than through-flow area”: In a preferred embodiment, the storage space has a lower height than the through-flow area. In this way, for a given cross section of the flow channel, the effective cross section of the flow area can be relatively large, while the storage space only takes up a small proportion of the inlet cross section of the flow channel.
[0041] Option “flow direction and blocking direction rectified”: In a preferred embodiment of the functional unit, the flow direction of the blocking direction is rectified in an intended operation. In this case, the passage of a pressure or shock wave in the direction of the flowing air stream can be blocked, so that the functional unit is suitable for use in the sense of a pressure valve.
[0042] Option “flow direction and blocking direction oppositely directed”: As an alternative and, depending on the application, also preferably, the flow direction is opposite to the blocking direction in a planned operation. In this case, the passage of a pressure or shock wave can be blocked against the direction of the flowing air stream, so that the functional unit is suitable for use in the sense of a check valve.
[0043] Option "Integration of the mechanical unit in the shock wave protection valve"
The invention also relates to a shock wave protection valve for ventilation systems comprising at least one mechanical functional unit, which is defined as a solution to the object and which can have further optional features.
Option “housing limits flow channel”: In the shock wave protection valve, the at least one functional unit is preferably arranged in a housing with two air flow openings which are connected by the flow channel of the at least one functional unit. The housing is advantageously provided as a duct installation component for installation in a ventilation duct of a ventilation system. The shock wave protection valve can be connected to or inserted into the ventilation duct with one or both airflow openings, with which the ventilation flow can flow towards the flow duct of the at least one functional unit and flow through the flow area. For connection to the ventilation duct, the housing preferably has fastening means such as fastening flanges or straps for screw connections in the area of one or both airflow openings. The housing can be designed in accordance with relevant standards in order to be able to be integrated into existing standardized ventilation systems. The housing can also at least partially delimit the flow channel of the at least one functional unit and possibly also its throughflow area, which enables a simplified construction.
Option: “two parallel functional units”: In a preferred embodiment, the shock wave protection valve comprises at least one further, similar functional unit, which is arranged parallel to the at least one functional unit. Since at least one further functional unit of the same type is arranged parallel to the at least one functional unit in the shock wave protection valve, a ventilation flow entering the shock wave protection valve can flow towards both flow channels of the functional units. In this way, for example, a flow resistance of the shock wave protection valve can be reduced. In addition, the functional units can be designed as modules, for example, so that the shock wave valve can be easily scaled and adapted to different needs. In particular, more than two functional units of the same type can also be provided in a parallel arrangement.
Option “functional units with common storage space”: With two or more functional units arranged in parallel, constructive synergies can also be used. For example, in a preferred embodiment of the shock wave protection valve, the storage spaces of the at least one and the at least one further functional unit form a common storage space which is arranged between the valve flaps of the at least one and the at least one further functional unit. In this way, a compact design can be achieved, since only one storage space is required to deflect the valve flaps of two functional units into the respective flow areas. The valve flaps preferably delimit the storage space transversely to the flow direction on two opposite sides transversely to the flow direction, so that the most direct possible force effect is achieved due to the overpressure that can be built up in the storage space. It goes without saying that more than two, in particular 4 or 8, functional units arranged in parallel can also be provided in the shock wave protection valve, which in pairs each have a common storage space. In this way, the structural size of the shock wave valve can be made more compact or, for a given structural size, the largest possible effective cross-section of the available through-flow areas can be provided.
Option “valve flaps on common carrier”: Furthermore, the valve flaps of the at least one and the at least one further functional unit can preferably be attached with a respective foot region to a common carrier, in particular arranged transversely to the direction of flow between the functional units. In this way, the construction of the shock wave protection valve can be further simplified by sharing components. The common carrier can be designed, for example, as a transverse beam with, for example, a rectangular cross-section, which extends essentially over the entire width through the housing.
Option: “common carrier as closure of the storage space”: In this case, the common carrier preferably also forms a closure of the common storage space. For this purpose, the common carrier has a height which essentially corresponds to the height of the storage space. The foot areas of the two valve flaps can for example be attached to two sides of the support that are opposite in the direction of height, so that the storage space is limited by the valve flaps and the support.
Option “mirror-symmetrically arranged functional units”: The shock wave protection valve is advantageously designed in such a way that the passage of a pressure or shock wave can be blocked in both directions along the direction of flow. For this purpose, in the shock wave protection valve there is preferably a further functional unit for each of the functional units, which is designed mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane transverse to the flow direction and is connected in series. In this case, the flow-through areas of each pair of serially connected functional units adjoin one another in a communicating manner and completely overlapping one another and form a continuous flow-through area. Due to the mirror-symmetrical design of the functional units, the blocking directions of the serially connected functional units are opposite to one another. During operation, however, the serially connected functional units are flowed through by the air flow in the same intended flow direction.
Option “serial functional units with continuous support ribs”: Even in the case of serially connected pairs of functional units, constructive synergies can be used. For example, each pair of serially connected functional units preferably has at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 8, common support ribs which are continuous in the flow direction and which each have support edges for the valve flaps of the functional units of the pair. In this way, the supporting ribs of the pair of functional units can be designed, for example, as continuous guide surfaces, which simplifies the construction. As mentioned above, the continuous support ribs can be designed to be connected to one another in pairs via a fastening bridge, in particular in a U-shape, with which two continuous support ribs can be mounted in each case via the one fastening bridge in the flow channel. The support ribs are preferably fastened to the above-mentioned common carrier, to which the valve flaps of the functional units arranged in parallel are also fastened. The continuous support ribs connected in pairs via the fastening bridge can also in this case be manufactured as a stamped and bent part from a sheet metal, in particular a stainless steel sheet.
Option “continuous sheet metal as valve flap of serial functional units”: In a further preferred embodiment, the valve flaps of each pair of serially connected functional units are designed as a common continuous sheet in the flow direction, in particular as a continuous sheet, preferably a stainless steel sheet. The valve flaps, which in this case are flexible, in particular resiliently flexible, can thus be manufactured in one piece in a simple manner. A central region in the longitudinal direction of the continuous sheet metal can form a common foot region of the two valve flaps, from which the valve flaps extend in opposite directions along the direction of flow. The common foot area is preferably fastened to the above-mentioned common carrier, to which the valve flaps of the functional units arranged in parallel and / or the continuous support ribs are also fastened.
Ventilation system according to the invention: The invention also relates to a ventilation system with at least one ventilation duct and at least one shock wave valve connected to it, as described here. The ventilation system can be provided for room ventilation, e.g. in residential or office buildings, or as a technical ventilation system, e.g. as recooling, or for supply air to diesel units, or in nuclear power plants, in refineries or on drilling rigs.
Test system according to the invention with shock wave protection valve: The invention also relates to a test system with a shock wave generator and a shock wave protection valve as described here. The test system is preferably used to test a closing pressure and / or a flow resistance of the shock wave valve. The test system preferably comprises a ventilation duct via which the shock wave protection valve is connected to the shock wave generator. A shock wave can be generated with the shock wave generator, which propagates through the ventilation duct and enters the shock wave valve in the blocking direction. The test system can also have an air flow generator, which generates an air flow in the ventilation duct, which flows through the shock wave valve and corresponds to an intended normal operation. Furthermore, the test system preferably has one or more sensors with which a pressure drop at the shock wave protection valve can be measured. For this purpose, at least one pressure sensor is preferably provided upstream and downstream of the shock wave protection valve. With an evaluation unit, which is preferably present, measured values determined by the sensors can be evaluated and, for example, compared with predetermined values or values determined during normal operation in order to determine whether the shock wave protection valve closes as intended in the event of a malfunction. For this purpose, the evaluation unit can be designed to determine a flow resistance of the shock wave protection valve from measured values determined in normal operation and to use the determined flow resistance as a comparison value for a flow resistance in the event of a malfunction.
Measuring method according to the invention for shock wave protection valve: The invention also relates to a method for measuring a closing pressure and / or a flow resistance of a shock wave protection valve as described here. The method comprises the steps of: a) inserting the shock wave protection valve into a shock wave tube; b) generating a constant air flow in the shock wave tube; c) determining a measured value of the air flow; d) generating a shock wave in the shock wave tube; e) determining a measured value for the pressure drop; f) Compare the measured values with specified values in order to determine whether the shock wave protection valve closes.
The method according to the invention is preferably carried out on a test system according to the invention.
Use according to the invention of the shock wave protection valve: The invention also relates to the use of a shock wave protection valve as described here in a test laboratory for explosion protection regulations. The use in a test laboratory for explosion protection regulations can include the use of a test system according to the invention as described here.
Further advantageous embodiments and combinations of features of the invention emerge from the following detailed description and the entirety of the patent claims.
Brief description of the drawings
The drawings used to explain the exemplary embodiment show schematically: FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view of a passively operating mechanical functional unit according to the invention for a shock wave protection valve with a valve flap in an open position; FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the functional unit from FIG. 1 with a viewing direction in a blocking direction X; FIG. 3 shows the functional unit of FIG. 1 in the event of a malfunction in which a rigidly designed valve flap is deflected into a closed position; 4 shows the functional unit of FIG. 1 in the event of a malfunction in which a resiliently flexible valve flap is deflected into a closed position; 5 shows a functional unit according to the invention with a resiliently flexible valve flap in an open position with support ribs for supporting the valve flap in a closed position; 6 shows a plan view in the blocking direction of the functional unit of FIG. 5; 7 shows a shock wave protection valve according to the invention with two functional units of the same type which are arranged parallel to one another; 8 shows a shock wave protection valve according to the invention, with two functional units of the same type, which are connected to one another in series; 9 shows a shock wave protection valve according to the invention with four functional units of the same type, which are connected in series in pairs and arranged in parallel; 10 shows an external oblique view of a shock wave protection valve according to the invention with 8 functional units; 11 shows a plan view in a blocking direction of the shock wave protection valve of FIG. 10; FIG. 12 shows a longitudinal cross section of the shock wave protection valve of FIG. 10 in a plane parallel to a longitudinal direction and to a width direction; 13 shows a longitudinal cross section in a plane parallel to a longitudinal direction and a height direction of the shock wave protection valve of FIG. 10; 14 shows an external side view of the shock wave protection valve of FIG. 10; 15 shows an arrangement of two pairs of supporting ribs, each connected via a fastening bridge, with straight support edges; 16 shows an arrangement of two pairs of supporting ribs, each connected via a fastening bridge, with curved support edges; 17 shows an arrangement of three pairs of supporting ribs, each connected via a fastening bridge, according to FIG. 16; 18 shows a cross-sectional view of a passively operating mechanical functional unit according to the invention for a shock wave protection valve with a valve flap in an open position; 19 shows a plan view of the functional unit of FIG. 18 with a viewing direction in a blocking direction X.
In principle, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
Ways of Carrying Out the Invention
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a passively operating mechanical functional unit 1 according to the invention for a shock wave protection valve 100 (see e.g. FIG. 7) according to the invention. The functional unit 1 comprises a flow channel 2 which extends in a flow direction S (dash-dotted line) and which is defined by boundary walls 3. The boundary walls 3 can form part of the functional unit 1 or can be provided, for example, by a housing 103 of the shock wave protection valve 100 (see FIG. 7) in which the functional unit 1 is arranged. The flow direction S corresponds to a longitudinal direction L. In the flow channel 2 there is a through-flow area 4 through which a ventilation flow can flow. A storage space 5 is also formed in the flow channel 2 in addition to the through-flow area 4. The storage space 5 is closed on one side in the longitudinal direction L by a closure 5.1 and is open in the opposite direction at an inlet opening 5.2. The inlet opening 5.2 is directed in the opposite direction to a blocking direction X, in which the passage of a shock wave through the functional unit 1 can be blocked. The blocking direction X denotes a direction parallel to the flow direction S, in which an incoming shock wave propagates. The closure 5.1 of the storage space 5 in the blocking direction X is formed by a carrier 6 which extends along one of the boundary walls 3.
A valve flap 7, which extends essentially parallel to the direction of flow S, is arranged between the flow-through area 4 and the storage space 5. The valve flap 7 is fastened to the support 6 with a foot area 7.1 and extends against the blocking direction X. The valve flap 7 is held in an open position O, its fastening being such that the valve flap 7 remains in the open position O in the absence of external forces.
A free end 7.2 of the valve flap 7 is arranged at the inlet opening 5.2 of the storage space 5. The valve flap 7 delimits the storage space 5 to the flow area 4 in a direction transverse to the flow direction S, which is referred to here as the height direction H and is defined by the direction transverse to the flow direction S or the longitudinal direction L in which the flow area 4, the valve flap 7 and the storage space 5 are arranged one above the other. The flow-through area 4 can be freely flowed through by S in both directions.
The flow channel 2 has a height h1 in the direction of H. The storage space 5 has a height h3 which is essentially predetermined by the carrier 6. The carrier 6 closes in a direction opposite to the direction H with the valve flap 4, i.e. it does not extend beyond the valve flap 7 into the throughflow area 4. The inlet opening 5.2 of the storage space 5 also has a height h3. The through-flow area 4 has a height h2 which is significantly greater than the height h3 of the storage space 5. A length I of the valve flap 7 in the longitudinal direction L is preferably at least twice as great as the height h2 of the throughflow area 4.
FIG. 2 schematically shows a top view of the functional unit 1 looking in the blocking direction X. The boundary walls 3 delimit the functional unit 1 in all directions transverse to the flow direction S. The valve flap 7 separates the storage space 5 from the flow area 4 in the flow channel 2. While the flow area 4 can flow freely in both directions in the flow direction S, the storage space 5 is closed off in the blocking direction X by the closure 5.1 formed by the carrier 6.
The valve flap 7 extends through the entire flow channel 2 in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction S, which is also perpendicular to H. This direction is referred to as width direction B in the present case. The valve flap 7 thus divides the entire flow channel 2 into the through-flow area 4 and the storage space 5. A cross-section transverse to the flow direction S of the flow channel 2 is thus essentially completely covered by the cross-sections of the through-flow area 4 and storage space 5, apart from the face of the free end 7.2 of the valve flap 7 In the width direction B, the storage space 5 is delimited and closed off by the delimitation walls 3 arranged in the width direction B.
FIG. 3 shows the functional unit 1 in the event of a malfunction, in which the valve flap 7 is deflected into a closed position C in the flow area 4 due to a shock wave entering in the blocking direction X.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the valve flap 7 is fastened to the support 6 via a hinge 7.3 with its foot region 7.1 and is designed to be rigid. The joint 7.3 is spring-loaded (not shown) in such a way that the valve flap 7 is held in the open position O on the one hand when there is no fault (see FIG. 1), and on the other hand is returned from the closed position C to the open position O after the Incident is over.
In the closed position C, the valve flap 7 is pivoted out into the closed position C about the hinge axis G arranged transversely to the flow direction S, in the width direction B. The free end 7.2 of the valve flap 7 rests against a boundary wall 3.1 opposite the open position O with respect to the flow area 4. The valve flap 7 is thus inclined at an essentially constant angle α with respect to the flow direction S (subject to any deflection due to the load). Since the length I of the valve flap 7 is preferably at least approximately twice as great as the height h2 of the flow area 4, the angle α is no more than approximately 30 °.
The valve flap 7 thus closes the flow area 4 over its entire cross section and, together with the closure 5.1 of the storage space 5, forms a complete closure of the flow channel 2. A passage of the shock wave in the blocking direction X through the functional unit 1 is thus blocked.
The valve flap 7 is deflected from the open position O due to an overpressure P in the storage space 5 that builds up as a result of the incoming shock wave. The overpressure P results from a flow of the inlet opening 5.2 of the storage space 5 associated with the incoming shock wave of the oncoming flow, a dynamic pressure can build up due to the closure 5.1 in the blocking direction X in the storage space 5 which is laterally closed off by the boundary walls 3. In contrast, no dynamic pressure is built up in the through-flow area 4 due to the same flow, since this is freely permeable. The resulting pressure difference between the through-flow area 4 and storage space 5 gives the overpressure P. This overpressure P acts on a surface of the valve flap 7 facing the storage space 5 and thus causes a force FP in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the valve flap 7. The force F deflects the valve flap 7 into the through-flow area 4 and pushes it out of the open position O into the closed position C. As the deflection increases, the valve flap 7 also offers a surface for the impact of the flow associated with the shock wave, which brings about an additional force on the valve flap 7 that supports the deflection.
The embodiment of the functional unit 1 shown in Fig. 4 shows a valve flap 7 which is fixedly, i.e. immovably, fastened to the support 6 with its foot area 7.1, which is designed to be resiliently flexible, for example from a spring steel sheet. If there is no malfunction, the resilient valve flap 7 is held in the open position O in the direction of flow S due to its nature, as shown in FIG.
Due to the overpressure P building up in the storage space 5, as described in connection with FIG. Due to the resilient flexibility of the valve flap 7, it does not deflect in a straight line but rather curves towards the opposite boundary wall 3.1. The curvature increases in the illustration of FIG. 4 towards the boundary wall 3.1. A maximum angle of inclination αm with respect to the direction of flow S of the valve flap 7 is achieved at the free end 7.2. The angle α is preferably a maximum of 45 °, in particular only a maximum of 30 °.
FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the functional unit 1, in which the valve flap 7 is fixed, i.e. immovable, with its foot region 7.1 attached to the support 6 and is designed to be resiliently flexible. The valve flap 7 is in the open position O in FIG. 5. FIG. 6 shows a plan view in the blocking direction of the functional unit of FIG. 5 and is described together with it.
To support the valve flap 7 in the closed position C, two support ribs 8 are arranged in the flow area 4 in the embodiment of FIG. The support ribs 8 are designed as lamellae which are aligned along the flow direction S and extend essentially over the entire length I of the valve flap 7. Each of the support ribs 8 has a support edge 8.1 which is directed towards the valve flap 7 and inclines in a curved manner towards the boundary wall 3.1. In particular, a local inclination of the support edge 8.1 with respect to the flow direction S towards the boundary wall 3.1 increases due to the curvature. If the valve flap 7 is deflected into the closed position C, as described in connection with FIG. 4, a surface of the valve flap 7 facing the flow area 4 comes to rest on the support edges 8.1. The support ribs 8.1 are supported on the boundary wall 3.1, so that the forces exerted by the incoming shock wave on the valve flap 7 can be carried away via the support ribs 8.1 to the boundary wall 3.1. By arranging two (or more) support ribs 8, preferably evenly spaced from one another in the direction of B, next to one another in the flow area 4, the valve flap 7 in the closed position C can also be prevented from being excessively deformed and indented as a result of the impacting shock wave. The number of support ribs 8 and their spacing are adapted to the pressure surge requirements.
FIG. 7 shows a shock wave protection valve 100 according to the invention with a tubular housing 103 with a rectangular cross section (not shown) in which two functional units 10 and 10 'of the same type are arranged parallel and mirror-symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal plane F to one another. The housing 103 has an air flow opening 110 and 111 at each longitudinal end in the longitudinal direction L, i.e. in the flow direction S. The air flow openings 110 and 111 connect to flow channels 12 and 12 'of the functional units 10 and 10'. A beam-like support 16 extends in the housing 103 between two side walls (not shown) in the direction of the width B of the shock wave protection valve 100 with respect to the height direction H of the shock wave protection valve 100 arranged centrally. The carrier 16 is arranged at a longitudinal end of the housing 103 that is remote, as seen in the blocking direction X, in the direction of H between the functional units 10 and 10 '. The carrier 16 is attached with its longitudinal ends to the side walls, not shown. All other components and their orientations of the functional units 10 and 10 'essentially correspond to the components of the functional unit 1 of FIG Direction of flow S is aligned, are mirrored to each other.
The valve flaps 17 and 17 'of the functional units 10 and 10' are attached to the support 16 with foot areas 17.1 and 17.1 'in the height direction H transversely to the flow direction S, on both sides with respect to the longitudinal plane F, with mirror symmetry. In their open positions O, the valve flaps 17 and 17 'extend in the flow direction S, largely parallel to one another, in the direction opposite to the blocking direction X. Between the valve flaps 17 and 17' and the boundary walls 103.1 and 103.1 'delimiting the housing 103 in the height direction H outward, there are flow-through areas 14 and 14 'of the functional units 10 and 10'. Lamellar support ribs 18 and 18 'are aligned in the flow direction S in the flow areas 14 and 14'. Starting from the foot areas 17.1 and 17.1 'of the valve flaps 17 and 17', the support ribs 18 and 18 'have support edges 18.1 and 18.1' which extend in a curved manner counter to the blocking direction X towards the boundary walls 103.1 and 103.1 'of the housing 103.
An area which is delimited by the valve flaps 17 and 17 'in the height direction H and by the carrier 16 in the blocking direction X, forms a storage space 15 which, opposite to the blocking direction X, is one in the height direction H of free longitudinal ends 17.2 and 17.2' of the valve flaps 17 and 17 'has a limited entrance opening 15.2. The carrier 16 forms a closure 15.1 of the area between the valve flaps 17 and 17 '.
The storage space 15 thus forms a common storage space 15 of the two functional units 10 and 10 '. Due to the mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the two functional units 10 and 10 'with respect to the longitudinal plane F, structural synergies can be used to make the overall size of the shock wave valve 100 more compact or, for a given size, to be able to provide the largest possible effective cross-section of the flow areas 14 and 14'. It goes without saying that the valve flaps 17 and 17 'and the throughflow areas 14 and 14' extend in the width direction B essentially over the entire width between the side walls of the housing 103 (not shown), ie also essentially over the entire width of the carrier 16 in the width direction B the storage space 15 is thus limited and closed off by the side walls, not shown.
FIG. 8 shows a shock wave protection valve 200 with a tubular housing 203 with a rectangular cross section (not shown), in which two similar functional units 20 and 20 ', arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a transverse plane E, are connected in series. The shock wave protection valve 200 has two oppositely directed blocking directions X1 and X2.
The housing 203 has an air flow opening 210 and 211 at each longitudinal end in the flow direction S. The air flow openings 211 and 210 each adjoin a flow end of flow channels 22 and 22 'of the functional units 20 and 20'. The flow channels 22 and 22 'connect to one another in the housing 203 with their respective further flow ends. A bar-like support 26 extends between two opposite side walls (not shown) of the housing 203 to a boundary wall 203.2 of the housing 203 adjoining in the direction of the width B of the shock wave protection valve 200. The support 26 is in the longitudinal direction L in the center of the housing 203, in the direction of L between the functional units 20 and 20 'arranged. The carrier 26 is fastened with its longitudinal ends to the side walls (not shown). All other components and their orientations of the functional units 20 and 20 'essentially correspond to the components of the functional unit 1 of FIG Direction of flow S is aligned, are mirrored to each other.
Correspondingly, valve flaps 27 and 27 'of the functional units 20 and 20' are attached to the support 26 with foot regions 27.1 and 27.1 '. In their open positions O, the valve flaps 27 and 27 'extend, aligned in the flow direction S, from the foot regions 27.1 and 27.1' in opposite directions and delimit a storage space 25 and 25 'in the direction of H. The storage spaces 25 and 25 'are each in the direction of X1 or. X2 closed by the carrier 26 in the direction of flow S. The valve flap 27 of the functional unit 20 extends against the blocking direction X1 and the valve flap 27 'against the blocking direction X2. The valve flaps 27 and 27 'are designed as a continuous sheet in the longitudinal direction L, in particular as a continuous sheet. A length I 'of the continuous leaf corresponds essentially to a length of the housing 203. The valve flaps 27 and 27' thus have a common foot region 27.1 / 27.1 'with which they are attached to the carrier 26.
Between the respective valve flap 27 and 27 'and a delimitation wall 203.1 of the housing 203 opposite the delimitation wall 203.2 in the height direction H, flow-through areas 24 and 24' of the functional units 20 and 20 'are arranged. The flow-through areas 24 and 24 'form a continuous flow-through area which connects the air flow openings 210 and 211 in such a way that a ventilation flow can flow along the flow direction S.
Lamellar support ribs 28 and 28 'are arranged in the flow direction S aligned in the flow areas 24 and 24'. Starting from the foot areas 27.1 and 27.1 'of the valve flaps 27 and 27', the support ribs 28 and 28 'have support edges 28.1 and 28.1', which extend in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction L and in each case against the blocking direction X1 or. X2 extend in a curved manner towards the boundary wall 203.1 of the housing 203. The support ribs 28 and 28 'are designed as continuous lamellae, in particular as continuous metal sheets, which extend into both through-flow areas 24 and 24'.
FIG. 9 shows a shock wave protection valve 300 with a tubular housing 303 with a rectangular cross section (not shown) in which four functional units 30, 30 ', 30 "and 30" of the same type are arranged in pairs in mirror symmetry with respect to the transverse plane E and the longitudinal plane F. ' available. For later reference, the combination of the four functional units 30, 30 ', 30 "and 30"' is referred to as unit 39. The shock wave protection valve 300 forms a functional combination of the shock wave valves 100 and 200 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. For each of the functional units 30 and 30 'corresponding to the functional units 10 and 10' of the shock wave protection valve 100, there is a similar pair of functional units 30 "which are of the same type and are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the transverse plane E. and 30 '' 'are connected in series analogously to the functional units 20 and 20' of the shock wave protection valve 200. The blocking direction X1 of the functional units 30 and 30 'arranged parallel to one another points in the opposite direction to the blocking direction X2 of the functional units 30 "and 30"' arranged parallel to one another Only certain special features of the shock wave protection valve 300 are described below, and reference is made to the above-described embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 for further features.
In the housing 303 of the shock wave protection valve 300, a bar-like carrier 36 extends between two side walls (not shown) of the housing 303 in the direction of the width B of the shock wave protection valve 300. The carrier is arranged centrally with respect to the height direction H and the longitudinal direction L of the shock wave protection valve 300. The carrier 36 is fastened with its longitudinal ends to the side walls (not shown) of the housing 303. The valve flaps 37 'and 37 "as well as 37 and 37"' are, analogously to the valve flaps 27 and 27 'of FIG. 8, each designed as continuous sheets in the longitudinal direction L, in particular as continuous sheets. The continuous leaves are attached to the support 36 on both sides with mirror symmetry with respect to the longitudinal plane F, in the height direction H transversely to the flow direction S. The valve flaps 37 'and 37' 'as well as 37 and 37' '' each extend with respect to the longitudinal direction L from common foot regions 37.1 'and 37.1' 'and 37.1 or respectively. 37.1 '' 'in opposite directions, with the valve flaps 37 and 37' extending in the opposite direction to the blocking direction X1 and the valve flaps 37 '' and 37 '' 'extending in the opposite direction to the blocking direction X2.
Between the continuous leaves of the valve flaps 37, 37 ', 37' 'and 37' '', two storage spaces 35 and 35 'are thus formed, which in the longitudinal direction in each case in the blocking direction X1 or. X2 are closed off by the carrier 36. The storage space 35 forms a common storage space for the functional units 30 and 30 'while the storage space 35' forms a common storage space for the functional units 30 "and 30 '' '. The storage spaces 35 and 35' are closed off by the side walls of the housing 303 (not shown) in the direction of the width B ( analogous to the illustration in Fig. 2).
Flow areas 34, 34 ', 34' 'and 34' '' are formed between the continuous leaves of the valve flaps 30 and 30 '"and 30' and 30" and respectively opposing boundary walls 303.1. The throughflow areas 34 and 34 '' 'as well as 34' and 34 '' are continuous in pairs and adjoin one another in series. In the flow areas 34 and 34 '' 'and 34' and 34 '' connected in series to one another, there are support ribs 38 and 38 'and 38' 'and 38' '' with support edges 38.1, 38.1 ', 38.1' ', 38.1', respectively, aligned in the direction of flow S '' for the valve flaps 37, 37 ', 37' 'and 37' '' in the closed position C. The support ribs 38.1 and 28.1 '' 'as well as 38.1' and 38.1 '' of adjoining flow-through areas are each designed as continuous lamellae in the longitudinal direction L.
The serial arrangement of the functional units 30 'and 30 "or 30 and 30'" 'provides a shock wave protection valve 300 which can be blocked in both flow directions and, due to the parallel arrangement of the functional units 30 and 30' or 30 "and It goes without saying that the unit 39 formed by the four functional units 30, 30 ', 30' 'and 30' '' is present in multiple versions in a shock wave valve according to the invention, arranged in flow parallel to one another can be (see e.g. Figs. 10-14).
FIGS. 10 to 14 show views of a concrete implementation of a shock wave protection valve 400, in which two functional units 39, as described schematically in connection with FIG. 9, are arranged in parallel in terms of flow in a screwed housing 403. Figures 10 to 14 are described together.
FIG. 10 shows an external oblique view of the shock wave protection valve 400. The housing 403 has air flow openings 410 and 411 at the end, the air flow opening 411 being provided with fastening flanges 411.1 for connection to, for example, a ventilation duct of a ventilation system. Two units 49 and 49 'are arranged in an interior space of the housing 403, each of which is designed essentially analogously to the unit 39 and is no longer described in detail here. The unit 49 has four functional units 40.1 to 40.4 designed and arranged similarly to the unit 39, while the unit 49 'has four functional units 40.1' to 40.4 'analogously (see e.g. FIG. 13). The functional units 40.1 and 40.2 and 40.1 'and 40.2' have a blocking direction X1, while the functional units 40.3 and 40.4 and 40.3 'and 40.4' have an opposite blocking direction X2.
In the shock wave protection valve 400, the two units 49 and 49 'are separated from one another by a partition 403.3 which extends halfway up in the direction of H over the entire width in the direction of B parallel to the direction of flow S through the housing 403. Side walls 403.4 delimit the housing 403 in the direction of the width B to the outside, while the walls 403.1 delimit the housing 403 in the direction from H to the outside.
The units 49 and 49 'are arranged one above the other in the direction of H and the partition 403.3 forms a boundary wall of the internal functional units 40.2, 40.3 and 40.2' and 40.3 '. The two units 49 and 49 'are designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane defined by the partition 403.3.
FIG. 11 shows a top view of the air flow opening 411 of the shock wave protection valve 400 in the direction of the blocking direction X1. Two supports 46 and 46 'extend in the direction of the width B transversely to the flow direction S through the entire housing 403 and are fastened to the side walls 403.4. The supports 46 and 46 'are each arranged centrally between the partition wall 403.3 and the side walls 403.1 of the housing 403 in the direction of H. In the height direction H, continuous leaves of the valve flaps 47.1 to 47.4 and 47.1 'to 47.4' of the functional units 40.1 to 40.4 and 40.1 'to 40.4' are fastened on both sides of the supports 46 and 46 '. The valve flaps 47.1 to 47.4 and 47.1 'to 47.4' are each in their open positions O in FIGS. 10 to 14.
Support ribs 48.1 to 48.4 and 48.1 'to 48.4', connected in pairs via fastening bridges 48.2 (see FIGS. 15 and 16), in flow areas 44.1 to 44.4 and 44.1 'to 44.4' of the functional units 40.1 to 40.4 and 40.1 'to 40.4' attached. The support ribs 48.1 and 48.4, 48.2 and 48.3, 48.1 'and 48.4' as well as 48.2 'and 48.3' are each designed as continuous lamellae in the longitudinal direction L.
FIG. 12 shows a cross section in a longitudinal plane in which the carrier 46 extends and which is oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction L. The beam-like carrier 46 (and analogously the carrier 46 ') is fastened in the housing 403 by direct axial screw connections 46.2, which protrude from the outside through the side walls 403.4. Bores 46.1 for fastening screws in the carrier 46 are used to fasten the support ribs 48.1 to 48.4 and the continuous leaves of the valve flaps 47.1 to 47.4.
FIG. 13 shows a sectional view in a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction L and to the vertical direction H. The free longitudinal ends of the valve flaps 47.1 to 47.4 and 47.1 'to 47.4' each have a closing edge 47.5 which is formed by an angled portion in the end area (exemplarily at the free ends of the valve flaps 47.1 and 47.2). With the angled area, the valve flaps 47.1 to 47.4 and 47.1 'to 47.4' are in their closed positions C on the walls 403.1 or. the partition wall 403.3. Between the pairs of valve flaps 47.1 and 47.2, as well as 47.3 and 47.4 and also the pairs of valve flaps 47.1 'and 47.2' and 47.3 'and 47.4', common storage spaces 45.1, 45.2, 45.3 and 45.4, respectively, are arranged for each pair
FIG. 14 shows an external view of the shock wave protection valve 400 on one of the side walls 403.4 along the width direction B. The screw connections 46.2 or. 46.2 'of the beams 46 and 46'. In addition, three fastening tongues 403.31 of the partition 403.3 can be seen, which engage in corresponding recesses in the side wall 403.3 and thus hold the partition 403.3 in the housing 403.
FIG. 15 shows schematically an embodiment of two similar pairs of supporting ribs 58, each connected via a fastening bridge 58.2. The pairs of supporting ribs 58 have straight support edges 58.1 for a rigid valve flap (see e.g. FIG. 3) when this is in the closed position C. The support ribs 58 are provided for an arrangement of two similar functional units connected in series, e.g. according to the embodiment of FIG. 9, in which the support ribs extend in the flow direction S in both flow areas. The fastening bridge 58.2 has a through-hole 58.3 which is provided for fastening in a shock wave protection valve, e.g. for a screw connection to a carrier 56 (indicated by dashed lines). The fastening bridge 58.2 defines a distance d between the individual support ribs of the support rib pair 58 in the width direction B. The two support rib pairs 58 are arranged at the same distance d from one another, so that there is a constant distance d between all support ribs.
FIG. 16 schematically shows an embodiment of two pairs of supporting ribs 68, each connected via a fastening bridge 68.2, analogous to FIG.
FIG. 17 schematically shows a further embodiment of three pairs of supporting ribs 68, each connected via a fastening bridge 68.2, as shown in FIG. In contrast to the illustration in FIG. 16, mutually facing support ribs of the adjacent pairs of support ribs 68 are arranged directly next to one another and are screwed to one another via screw connections 68.4. The support ribs arranged directly next to one another can rest against one another or have an intermediate layer (not shown) which reinforce the support ribs. In this way, the structural stability of the support ribs can be improved by screwing and, if necessary, by the reinforcement layer; in Fig. 17, a continuous valve flap leaf 67 is also indicated by dashed lines, which is clamped between a carrier 66 (also dashed) and the fastening bridges 68.2 of the pairs of supporting ribs. The screw connections (not shown) reaching through the through bores 68.3 in the carrier 66 for fastening to the carrier 66 can thus also be used to fasten the valve flap leaf 67. The valve flap leaf 67 has corresponding through bores for this purpose.
18 shows a cross-sectional view of a further passively operating mechanical functional unit 50 according to the invention for a shock wave protection valve with stop ribs 59 in the storage space 55. The sectional plane in FIG. 18 passes through one of the stop ribs 59. FIG 18 and 19 are described together below.
The functional unit 50 is designed largely analogously to the functional unit 1 in FIG. 1 and comprises a flow channel 52 extending in the flow direction S. In the flow channel 52 there is a through-flow area 54 through which a ventilation flow can flow and which is opposite through a valve flap 57 arranged in the flow channel 52 in the flow direction a storage space 55, which is also arranged in the flow channel 52, is delimited.
In addition, opposite the functional unit 1, stop elements 59 are arranged in the storage space 55, which are designed as stop ribs aligned in the direction of flow S. The stop ribs 59 form stops for the valve flap 57, which in the open position O rests against stop edges 59.1 of the stop ribs 59 pointing towards the throughflow area 54. The valve flap 57 is spring-loaded in the direction of the storage space 55 in such a way that it is pressed against the stop edges 59.1 with a spring force.
If the valve flap 57 is designed to be resiliently flexible, the pretensioning can be achieved in that the valve flap 57, in the relaxed state, is angled towards the storage space 55 in a foot area 57.1. That is to say, in the absence of the stop ribs 59, the valve flap 57 would in this case protrude into the storage space 55 at an incline with respect to the flow direction S, as indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 18 as position U. If the valve flap 57 is fastened in an articulated manner, for example an additional spring element (not shown) or the spring element of the hinge, which holds the valve flap 57 in the open position (O), can apply the pretension.
If two functional units are arranged in parallel and have a common storage space, as shown in FIG. not shown). If two functional units are connected to one another in series, as shown, for example, in Fig. 8, the stop ribs can extend as a continuous lamella into both storage spaces of the two functional units connected to one another (not shown).
In summary, it can be stated that the passively operating mechanical functional unit according to the invention forms a versatile base unit for a shock wave protection valve. In particular, essentially structurally identical functional units can be arranged in flow parallel and in series in a shock wave protection valve, so that a comparatively low flow resistance is achieved and the passage of a shock wave can still be effectively blocked in one or both directions along a flow direction.

权利要求:
Claims (31)
[1]
1. Passively operating mechanical functional unit (1, 10, 10 ') for a shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300), in particular for a ventilation system, comprising:a) a flow channel (2, 12, 12 ') with a through-flow area (4, 14, 14') through which a ventilation flow can flow in a flow direction (S) and which, in the event of a malfunction, in a blocking direction (X) as a result of an in Blocking direction (X) propagating shock wave can be blocked,b) a leaf-like valve flap (7, 17, 17 ') which is held in an open position (O) and which, in the event of a malfunction, through the shock wave at least in sections transversely to the flow direction (S) into the flow area (4, 14, 14') can be deflected into a closed position ©, in which the flow area (4, 14, '14 ') is blocked in the blocking direction (X) by the valve flap (7, 17, '17'),characterized in thatc) the valve flap (7, 17, '17 ') in the open position (O) is oriented essentially in the flow direction (S), andd) is arranged between a storage space (5, 15) arranged in the flow channel (2, 12, '12 ') and open against the blocking direction (X) and the through-flow area (4, 14, '14') in such a way thate) that in the event of a malfunction when the shock wave passes through the storage space (5, 15), a pressure (P) can be built up which presses the valve flap (7, 17, '17 ') at least in sections across the flow direction (S) and into the flow area ( 4, 14, '14 ') so that the valve flap (7, 17, '17') reaches the closing position (C).
[2]
2. Mechanical functional unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve flap (7, '7, 17') is resiliently deflectable into the Schliessste © ng (C).
[3]
3. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve flap (', 17, 17') has a foot region (7.1, 1'.1, 17.1 ') in the flow channel (', 12, 12 ') and extends from the foot area (7.1, 1'. 1, 17.1 ') against the blocking direction (X).
[4]
4. Mechanical functional unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the foot area (7.1, 1 '. 1, 17.1') of the valve flap (', 17, 17') is fixed in the flow channel (', 12, 12') and the Valve flap (', 17, 17') is designed to be flexible, at least in some areas, in particular resiliently.
[5]
5. Mechanical functional unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve flap (', 17, 17') with the foot area (7.1, 1'.1, 17.1 '), in particular resiliently, is articulated in the flow channel (', 12, 12 ') ) is attached.
[6]
6. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the valve flap (', 17, 17') has a closing edge (7.2, 1'.2, 17.2 ') at a free end (7.2, 1'.2, 17.2') facing counter to the blocking direction (X). 47.5), with which it rests in the closure (C) on a boundary wall (3.1, 103.1) of the flow area '(4, 14, 14').
[7]
7. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the valve flap '(7, 17, 17') in the open position (O) to the storage space (5, 15, 15 ') is resiliently biased, at least one Stop element, in particular in the storage space (5, 15, 15 '), on which the valve flap' (7, 17, 17 ') rests in the open position (O).
[8]
8. Mechanical functional unit according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least two, in particular at least four, preferably at least eight, support ribs '(8, 18, 18') aligned in the flow direction (S) in the flow area '(4, 14, 14') ) are arranged, which each have at least one support edge (8.1 '18.1, 18.1') for the valve flap '(7, 17, 17') on which the valve flap '(7, 17, 17') in the closed position (C) is present.
[9]
9. Mechanical functional unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the support edges ('.1, 18.1, 18.1') of the Stützri'pen (8, 18, 18 ') are inclined in the blocking direction (X) with respect to the flow direction (S) and in particular an angle of inclination (α) of the support edges ('.1, 18.1, 18.1') with respect to the direction of flow (S) is less than 45 °, preferably less than 30 °.
[10]
10. Mechanical functional unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the support edges ('.1, 18.1, 18.1') are curved with a steadily increasing angle of inclination (α) with respect to the flow direction (S).
[11]
11. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the valve flap (7, 17, 17 ') has a length (I) in the flow direction (S) which is at least twice as large as a height ( h2) of the flow area (4, 14, 14 ').
[12]
12. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the valve flap (7, 17, 17 ') forms a boundary wall of the storage space (5, 15).
[13]
13. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the storage space (5, 15) extends transversely to the flow direction (S) essentially over an entire width of the valve flap (7, 17, 17 ').
[14]
14. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the storage space (5, 15) extends in the flow direction (S) essentially over the entire length (I) of the valve flap (7, 17, 17 ') .
[15]
15. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the valve flap (7, 17, 17 ') extends transversely to the flow direction (S) essentially over an entire width of the throughflow area (4, 14, 14 '), preferably over an entire width of the flow channel (2, 12, 12').
[16]
16. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the storage space (5, 15, 15 ') has a lower height than the flow area (4, 14, 14').
[17]
17. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the direction of flow (S) is rectified in an intended operation of the blocking direction (X).
[18]
18. Mechanical functional unit according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the flow direction (S) is opposite to the blocking direction (X) in an intended operation.
[19]
19. Shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300) for ventilation systems, comprising at least one mechanical functional unit (1, 10, 20) according to one of claims 1 to 18.
[20]
20. Shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300) according to claim 19, characterized in that the at least one functional unit (1, 10, 20) in a housing (103, 203, 303) with two air flow openings (110, 111, 210, 211 , 310, 311), which are connected by the flow channel (2, 12, 22) of the functional unit (1, 10, 20), wherein in particular the housing (103, 203, 303) the flow channel (2, 12, 22 ) the at least one functional unit (1, 10, 20) is at least partially limited.
[21]
21. Shock wave protection valve (100) according to claim 19 or 20, comprising at least one further, similar functional unit (10 ') which is arranged parallel to the at least one functional unit (10).
[22]
22. Shock wave protection valve (100) according to claim 21, characterized in that the storage spaces of the at least one and the at least one further functional unit (10, 10 ') form a common storage space (15) which is located between the valve flaps (17, 17 ') of the at least one and the at least one further functional unit (10, 10') is arranged, in particular the valve flaps (17, 17 ') opening the storage space (15) transversely to the flow direction (S) on two transversely to the Limit the direction of flow (S) on opposite sides.
[23]
23. Shock wave protection valve (100) according to one of claims 21 or 22, characterized in that the valve flaps (17, 17 ') of the at least one and the at least one further functional unit (10, 10') with a respective foot area (17.1, 17.1 ') are attached to a common carrier (16), in particular arranged transversely to the direction of flow (S) between the functional units (10, 10').
[24]
24. Shock wave protection valve (100) according to claim 23, characterized in that the common carrier (16) forms a closure (15.1) of the common storage space (15).
[25]
25. Shock wave protection valve (200, 300) according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that for each of the functional units (20, 30, 30 ') a further, with respect to a plane (E) transverse to the flow direction (S), is mirror-symmetrical trained and serially connected further Fu'ktio''einh '' '(20', 30 '', 30 '' ') is available.
[26]
26. Shock wave protection valve (200, 300) according to claim 25, characterized in that each pair of serially connected function units (20/20 '' '30' / 30 '', 30/30 '' ') at least two, in particular at least four, preferably at least eight, common, in the flow direction (S) continuous 'support' tipp "(28/28 '' '38' / 38 '', 38/38 '' '), which each support' edges' (28.1''8.1 ', 38.1' '' '. 1' ', 38.1 / 38.1' '') for the valve flap '(27''27', '' ', 37', 37 '', 37 '' ') of the function unit “(20/20' '' 30 '/ 30' ', 30/30' '') of the pair.
[27]
27. Shock wave protection valve (200, 300) according to one of claims 25 or 26, characterized in that the valve flap '(27' '27', '' ', 37', 37 '', 37 '' ') of each pair of serially connected function unit “(20/20 '' '30' / 30 '', 30/30 '' ') are designed as a common sheet metal continuous in the direction of flow (S).
[28]
28. Ventilation system with at least one ventilation duct and at least one shock wave valve (100, 200, 300, 400) connected to it according to one of claims 19 to 27.
[29]
29. Test system with a shock wave generator and a shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300, 400) according to one of claims 19 to 27.
[30]
30. A method for measuring a closing pressure and / or a flow resistance of a shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300, 400) according to one of claims 19 to 27, comprising the stepsa) inserting the shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300, 400) into a shock wave tube;b) generating a constant air flow in the shock wave tube;c) determining a measured value of the air flow;d) generating a shock wave in the shock wave tube;e) determining a measured value for the pressure drop;f) Compare the measured values with specified values in order to determine whether the shock wave protection valve closes.
[31]
31. Use of a shock wave protection valve (100, 200, 300, 400) according to one of claims 19 to 27 in a test laboratory for explosion protection regulations.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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WO2021156206A1|2021-08-12|

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CH717113A8|2022-01-31|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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US3139108A|1962-09-24|1964-06-30|Klingman Sanford|Pressure operated valve means|

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DE202016004209U1|2016-04-06|2016-07-22|Rexotec Ag|Pressure relief device for explosive decoupling of two system components|

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法律状态:
2021-12-15| PK| Correction|Free format text: BERICHTIGUNG |

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2022-01-31| PK| Correction|Free format text: BERICHTIGUNG A8 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CH00132/20A|CH717113A8|2020-02-05|2020-02-05|Passive mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve and shock wave protection valve.|CH00132/20A| CH717113A8|2020-02-05|2020-02-05|Passive mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve and shock wave protection valve.|

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PCT/EP2021/052316| WO2021156206A1|2020-02-05|2021-02-01|Passively operating mechanical functional unit for a shock wave protection valve, and shock wave protection valve|